Józef Kalinowski designed a railway, led a political insurrection, labored in a Siberian prison and tutored a Polish prince before joining the Discalced Carmelites at age 42. He wrote to his parents, “I cannot refrain from saying, ‘Forever I will sing the mercies of the Lord.’”
Kalinowski was born in Russian-controlled Vilnius, once part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. To receive an education, he enlisted in the Imperial Russian Army and studied engineering in St. Petersburg. As a student, he experienced spiritual desolation but resumed practicing his faith after witnessing the Russian persecution of Catholics.
After working as an engineer and helping design the Odessa-Kiev-Kursk railway, Kalinowski resigned from the army in 1863 to help lead the January Uprising. When the effort to restore the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth failed, he received a death sentence — later commuted to 10 years in a Siberian labor camp, where his prayerful presence inspired hope in his fellow prisoners.
Freed in 1874, he became tutor to Poland’s Prince Augustus Czartoryski, who would later be beatified in 2004. During this time, Kalinowski heard what he called “a salvific voice from the infinite mercy of God” calling him to the religious life. He entered the Carmelites in Linz, Austria, in 1877, taking the name Raphael of St. Joseph, and was ordained in 1882.
Father Kalinowski went on to establish Carmelite monasteries and convents throughout Poland and Ukraine. Known for his work to reunite Christians, he was sought for spiritual direction by Catholics and Orthodox Christians alike. Father Raphael of St. Joseph Kalinowski died of tuberculosis Nov. 15, 1907, in Wadowice, Poland. Pope John Paul II, born in the same town 14 years later, canonized him in 1991.







